4 of the 24 questions we have for this objective, shown with the answer and the reasoning.
How to implement the ADM Phases E, F, and G to implement an architecture, together with the applicable techniques
Marrick County is in Phase E of an architecture that links its social-services case system with three partner agencies. Today the agencies email spreadsheets to each other. The Target Architecture requires that case records sent by one agency are processed automatically by the receiving system using a shared data model, without staff re-keying them. Stakeholders disagree on how much integration is really needed.
How should the architect express and agree the interoperability needed for each exchange?
- AUse the Interoperability Requirements technique to state the required degree of interoperability for each information exchange, such as seamless sharing of data, and record it in an interoperability matrix agreed with the stakeholders.The technique defines degrees of interoperability, from unstructured data exchange through structured exchange and seamless sharing of data to seamless sharing of information, so each exchange can be stated and agreed precisely.
- BRun a Business Transformation Readiness Assessment for each agency and use the readiness scores as the interoperability requirements.A readiness assessment evaluates an organisation's ability to undergo change. It does not specify how systems must exchange data.
- CAdd the partner agencies to the power/interest grid and let the agency with the highest power decide the integration level.Stakeholder mapping decides how to engage stakeholders. It is not a method for defining interoperability, and letting one stakeholder decide skips the requirements agreement.
- DLeave the integration level for each implementation project to decide in Phase G and capture the decision in its Architecture Contract.Interoperability requirements are consolidated and reconciled in Phase E so that work packages and Transition Architectures can be planned. Deferring them to Phase G leaves the migration plan without a basis.
Why: The TOGAF Standard (ADM Techniques, Interoperability Requirements) describes how to define interoperability as degrees, ranging from unstructured data exchange (Degree 1), structured data exchange (Degree 2), seamless sharing of data (Degree 3) to seamless sharing of information (Degree 4). Phase E includes a step to consolidate and reconcile interoperability requirements, because conflicting expectations here change which work packages are needed. The scenario's need for automatic processing with a shared data model and the stakeholder disagreement both point to stating a degree per exchange and agreeing it. The distractors are real techniques used for the wrong purpose or at the wrong time.
How to implement the ADM Phases E, F, and G to implement an architecture, together with the applicable techniques
Langstone Retail's Head of Stores sponsors the store-systems architecture. Before funding implementation, she wants a formal agreement stating what the architecture will deliver to the stores business, the quality expected, and how the architecture function will ensure that delivered solutions remain fit for purpose. A separate agreement with the systems integrator is already in place.
What should the architect put in place for the Head of Stores?
- AA Compliance Assessment signed by the Head of Stores.A Compliance Assessment records the result of a compliance review of a project. It is not an agreement on what the architecture will deliver.
- BA Communications Plan describing how stores staff will be told about the new systems.A Communications Plan schedules stakeholder communication. It does not set out deliverables, quality or fitness for purpose.
- CA dispensation that allows the stores business to fund implementation outside the normal governance process.A dispensation permits a project to deviate from the architecture. It is not a sponsor agreement.
- DAn Architecture Contract between the architecting function and the business users.The TOGAF Standard describes Architecture Contracts between the architecting function and business users, alongside contracts with development partners.
Why: Phase G (TOGAF Standard, ADM, Phase G: Implementation Governance) relies on Architecture Contracts, which are joint agreements on the deliverables, quality and fitness for purpose of an architecture. The TOGAF Standard (EA Capability and Governance, Architecture Contracts) describes contracts between the architecture function and development partners and between the architecting function and business users. The integrator already has its contract, so the sponsor's request is met by the business-user contract. The distractors are real governance work products that serve other purposes.
How to implement the ADM Phases E, F, and G to implement an architecture, together with the applicable techniques
Elstow Energy's architect is in Phase E with 35 gaps from Phases B to D. Several gaps could be closed by the same solution, some solutions depend on others, and the steering committee wants to see how gaps, potential solutions and dependencies relate before work packages are formed.
Which technique should the architect use?
- AThe Consolidated Gaps, Solutions, and Dependencies Matrix.This matrix lists the gaps from the domain architectures with their potential solutions and dependencies, and is the basis for creating work packages.
- BThe Architecture Definition Increments Table.This table lists the projects and their incremental deliverables across Transition Architectures. It is used after work packages and transitions are defined.
- CA stakeholder map matrix.Stakeholder maps support engagement planning and do not relate gaps to solutions.
- DThe Business Transformation Readiness Assessment.This assessment evaluates the organisation's readiness to undergo change. It does not consolidate gaps or solutions.
Why: Phase E (TOGAF Standard, ADM, Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions) consolidates the gap analysis results from Phases B to D. The TOGAF Standard (ADM Techniques, Migration Planning Techniques) describes the Consolidated Gaps, Solutions, and Dependencies Matrix, which groups gaps across domains, records potential solutions and identifies dependencies. It is the basis for identifying and grouping work packages. The steering committee wants exactly this view before work packages are formed, so later techniques such as the Architecture Definition Increments Table are premature.
How to implement the ADM Phases E, F, and G to implement an architecture, together with the applicable techniques
Dunmore Logistics is in Phase E. Phase B recorded that dispatchers must see live vehicle positions inside the order system, but Phase D recorded that the vehicle telematics platform can only export files every hour. The two requirements were captured by different teams and have never been compared.
What should the architect do?
- AAccept the Phase D constraint and remove the Phase B requirement from the Architecture Requirements Specification without consulting stakeholders.Removing a business requirement unilaterally bypasses Requirements Management and stakeholder agreement.
- BConsolidate and reconcile the interoperability requirements from Phases B to D, resolve the conflict with stakeholders, and reflect the agreed requirement in the work packages.Phase E includes a step to consolidate and reconcile interoperability requirements so that conflicts like this are resolved before migration planning.
- CDefer the conflict to the Phase G compliance review of the telematics project.A compliance review checks a project against an agreed architecture. Here the architecture itself contains conflicting requirements.
- DRaise a re-architecting Change Request in Phase H.The architecture has not been implemented, so Phase H change classification does not apply.
Why: Phase E (TOGAF Standard, ADM, Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions) includes a step to consolidate and reconcile interoperability requirements. Interoperability requirements are captured in several earlier phases, business interoperability in Phase B and technical interoperability in Phase D, and the TOGAF Standard's Interoperability Requirements technique stresses that they must be reconciled before work packages and Transition Architectures are finalised. The conflict between live positions and hourly files is exactly the kind of inconsistency this step resolves. The distractors push the decision to the wrong phase or skip stakeholder agreement.